Passing on Racial Discrimination to Youth and Children

I. Introduction Racial discrimination has always been a common social issue for the past couple of centuries. Even as times change and racial inequality decreases, discrimination is still an evolving and ongoing pattern inscribed in people, whether one is consciously aware of it or not. This paper will tackle the racial discrimination that is inevitably passed on to our youth and children. Using the search keywords â€Å"children racism,† this paper will argue that, although most people try to avoid inscribing racial tagging in our youth today, children will still be exposed and, consequently, develop racial profiling and judgments, whether it was taught or self-realized. II. Description of the pictures In general, majority of the resulting photos demonstrate at least one black and one white person. Similarly, some of the photos depict a small black and a small white child interacting with one another: hugging, playing, or even observing each other. Furthermore, most of the photos depict smiling integrated children. One of the photos even depicts a man and a woman together with four children of different ethnicities. On the other hand, there are a couple photos that are a little different from the trend mentioned above: one picture displays a sign saying â€Å"Racism Ruins Lives†; the next picture portrays a young boy presented with two dolls, one black and one white, with a bottom caption saying â€Å"which doll is pretty†; and a black and white photo depicting three white young-adultShow MoreRelatedEssay on Feelings That Kill1739 Words   |  7 Pagessegregation. To Kill A Mockingbird has many parallels between the fictional segregation in the novel and the factua l racism that actually took place in this time span. Between the years of 1882 and 1968 there were many different types of racial discrimination and mistreatment of blacks. One of the main types of this behavior was lynching. â€Å"Lynching is the practice whereby a mob, usually several dozen or several hundred persons, takes the law into its own hands in order to injure and kill a personRead MoreThe Sixties s Impact On American Society1307 Words   |  6 Pages Whether for better or for worse, the decade has had a profound influence on politics, society, foreign policy, and culture. During the sixties, there was a huge generation gap between the parents, who became adults around World War II, and the children, baby-boomers, who came of age in the 1950s and 1960s. Due to the generation gap, the younger generation grew farther apart from their parents and the older age group. The younger people believed that the older generation was too inhibited and tooRead MoreThe Apartheid Of South Africa Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesNelson Mandela and protesters during South Africa s journey away from apartheid. It’s a curious ponder, in fact, that America’s and South Africa’s ascents from racial discrimination were possibly involved with each other. However, while the world may be convinced the nation is out of racist depths, evidence displays the rise from discrimination in South Africa is undeniably incomplete. There is a dangerous and unresolved influence of apartheid in South Africa today. After World War 2 was won by AlliesRead MoreRacism And Racism1077 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican slaves were first introduced to the American colonies (1619) to assist in the production of profitable cash crops and work new machinery essential for the economy’s well-being, racial discrimination has continued to plague the Americans, albeit in subtler ways today. Despite efforts throughout the 1900s to rid of racial oppression and violence in the United States, racism still thrives amid laws and regulations calling for its eradication. As a result, twentieth century artists, as well as thoseRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson s The Great Society1450 Words   |  6 Pageseach day. Programs for education, the end of poverty, conservation of the wild, housing, social security and the list goes on and on. So how did the Great Society improve or try to improve people’s lives in America by trying to end poverty and discrimination through programs for education and what are the effects today? Lyndon B. Johnson inspired by Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to create something similar to the New Deal that attempted to help the less advantaged people of the United States and alsoRead MoreReform in the United States813 Words   |  4 Pages The Immigration Restriction League, along with the passing of various bills and laws made it even more difficult for the â€Å"mental defectives† to become citizens, preventing them from being a â€Å"burden† and â€Å"menace† to society (Feb 3/5 doc readings). 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I began promoting this program as a candidate back in 1960. I spoke to a crowd of 10,000 â€Å"challenging American youth to devote part of their lives to living and working in Asia, Africa, and Latin America† (Burner 1). Statistically, American youth is an unstoppable breed. The willingness to serve is overpowering and stems further into younger and younger generations. Humanity is a powerful force. Immediately after my speech, aRead MoreThe Double-Fold Oppres sion Of Intersectionality. The American1642 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful in previous years in acquiring basic civil rights, the early 20th century signified the African American downfall as their white foes discovered a new source of perilous power. From the early to mid-1900s, white backlash increased with the passing of legislature to segregate blacks, most prominently the Jim Crow Laws in the South. Throughout this period of black isolation, literature arose seeking to reveal African American oppression as well as to formulate an explanation for its deep rootsRead MorePreventing Racial Profiling Within the Police Force Essay1858 Words   |  8 PagesRacial equality is an illusion. In the criminal justice system, African Americans and other minorities are targeted by police officers because of the color of their skin. Minorities face many obstacles to reach their freedom, even though laws states everyone should be treated equal. Minorities are more likely to be stopped at tra ffic stops, due to the color of their skin. In â€Å"Racial Profiling†, Jost states that minorities, including President Barack Obama and Oprah Winfrey, feel profiled and judged

The On Ball State University - 1321 Words

Ball State University is a very reputable school with a lot of well-thought-out policies. Since 1918, Ball State has maintained a well-organized university, which is impressive when you consider the large enrollment number. However, one policy that Ball State could improve is the visitation policy. The current visitation policy is generally one of the biggest criticisms with Ball State, and for good reason. The current policy does not permit guests over in the dorms past midnight on weeknights. The reason why the policy is a problem is because it hinders the students’ academic experience, as it would deny study groups from meeting in a dorm past midnight. A feasible solution that Ball State could employ would be to extend the visitation policy to twenty-four hour visitation, but increase the consequences if hall rules are broken. This would be a more effective way of teaching responsibility, as well as allowing students to gain more academic independence. The main problem with the policy is that not allowing guests after midnight could be detrimental to study groups that want to work at later times. According to a survey among first-year students at Ball State, over half of the participants said that they usually have to study past midnight on school nights (Survey). Due to the frequent group projects that some college students have to do, this policy is an obstacle that they must work around. If the residence halls would allow overnight visitation on weeknights, studyShow MoreRelatedApplying Ball State University As An Example1469 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. Using Ball State University as an example we will be discussing these three primary objectives, education, service, and research. In addition to identify who they serve as far as their fellow students and the general public. Lastly we will be discussing any adjustments to the publicness if the organization. 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HoweverRead Morereaction essay about cinderella man1210 Words   |  5 PagesIntensive English Institute Ball State University Muncie, IN IEI Course Syllabus ENIEI 124-2D Kevin Daily MTWR 1:50-2:50 LB 127 Fall 2013/ Session 6 Office: RB 389 email:kmdaily@bsu.edu Office hours: MTWR 1:00 PM-1:45 PM, TR 4:00 PM– 4:45 PM and by appointment Brief Course Description Students will be able to build useful, communication skills in English in the United States through explorationRead MoreA Brief History of Softball720 Words   |  3 Pageseducation at Portland State University and also a member of the Amateur Softball Association, â€Å"The game as we know it did not take shape until the 1980’s† (4). One version of the origin of the game was given to George W. Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade. (Dodson, 4). 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Equal Protection in Criminal Punishment Free Essays

Equal Protection in Criminal Punishment The 14th Amendment articulates that no State shall â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† (Sullivan and Gunther 486). It is nearly impossible though, for the equal treatment of all persons, since every law affects people differently. â€Å"This command cannot literally require equal treatment of all persons, since almost all laws classify in some way, by imposing burdens on or granting benefits to some people and not others† (Sullivan and Gunther 486). We will write a custom essay sample on Equal Protection in Criminal Punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Equal Protection Clause was meant for the application of all laws equally, not necessarily equal treatment of all people. There is a great difference in the two. The people most adversely affected by these iniquitous laws are mainly minorities and those from low socio-economic groups. The inequality in sentencings of the criminals is often the focal point of legal discussion. The most debatable topic when it comes to criminal punishment is the area surrounding the death penalty. It is often given unjustly and undeservingly to minorities. Race is the most controversial and monumental factor in determining the length and severity of a criminal’s punishment. Racial discrimination has been evident in our legal system in the past and continues to remain present to this day. Our court system has deprived minorities of their rights throughout the years. In Strauder v. West Virginia, the State excluded blacks from the jury. The State law stated that â€Å"all white male persons who are twenty-one years of age and who are citizens of this State shall be liable to serve as jurors† (Sullivan and Gunther 487). A black man facing trial in the 1800’s against an all white jury doesn’t stand a chance. The Court found that to deny citizen participation in the administration of justice solely on racial grounds â€Å"is practically a brand upon them, affixed by law; an assertion of their inferiority, and a stimulant to that race prejudice which is an impediment to securing to individuals of the race that equal justice which the law aims to secure to all others† (Sullivan and Gunther 487). This case was a major turning point in racial discrimination in our legal system. Minorities were starting to be seen as people, and not just objects. But at this time, we were still far from our goal of total equality among all people. In a more recent case, Swain v. Alabama, the Court held that a defendant in a criminal case is not constitutionally allowed to a balanced number of his race on the trial jury or the jury panel. There is no evidence in this case that the jury selection committee applied different jury selection standards as between blacks and whites (Swain v. Alabama, 380 U. S. 209, 1965). There may not be evidence, but it is quite obvious that there is an inequality here. How can a man facing a death penalty be put up against an all white jury during a time of racial tension? A flawed system of selection of jury panels is not comparable to intended racial discrimination (Swain v. Alabama, 380 U. S. 209, 1965). Although the selection of an all white jury was not sought out, society during this time was racially divided. The principle announced in Strauder v. West Virginia, that a State denies a black defendant equal protection when it puts him on trial before a jury from which members of his race have been purposefully excluded, was reaffirmed in Batson v. Kentucky (Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 84). The Equal Protection Clause assures the defendant that the State will not prohibit members of his race from the jury venire on account of race, or on the inaccurate assumption that members of his race as a group are not eligible to serve as jurors. By denying a person participation in jury duty on the basis of his race, the State also unconstitutionally discriminates against the barred juror (Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U. S. 85). This inequality in the selection of jurors has damaged confidence in our legal system. The lack of confidence has in turn caused inequality in the sentencing of criminals, mostly dealing with minorities. There is no doubt that minorities receive harsher and longer sentences. â€Å"As of June 1998, only seven white men had been executed in the United States for killing black victims. In the same 1976-1998 period, 115 black men were executed for killing white victims† (Cole 132). These numbers prove that blacks have historically received harsher treatments than whites. This connects to the selection of juries. Juries have a great affect on the sentencing of criminals. A predominantly white jury is more than likely to convict a black man, than a predominantly black jury is. â€Å"Juries remain predominantly white in most of the country, and apparently their sympathies lie more strongly with white than black victims† (Cole 133). A large study conducted by Professors David Baldus, George Woodworth, and Charles Pulaski, showed that there was a large disparity in the racial breakdown of the death penalty. They found that defendants charged with killing white victims received the death penalty eleven times more often than defendants charged with killing black victims (Cole 133). The Equal Protection Clause was set out to protect from this indifference, but this clearly shows that it has not done so. Equal treatment of all people has yet to be achieved today and racial inequality is still ever-present. Criminal sentencing when it comes to blacks and whites is vastly different and unjust. The disproportion of sentences given to blacks and whites in dealing with drugs is ridiculous. First of all, the gap in sentencing when it comes to crack cocaine and powder cocaine is too big. Under federal sentencing guidelines, a small-time crack dealer caught selling 5 grams of crack receives the same prison sentence as a large-scale powder cocaine dealer convicted of distributing 500 grams of powder cocaine (Cole 142). To me, powder cocaine is just as dangerous and addicting as crack cocaine. The large gap in sentencings for the two offenses places a higher value on the danger level of crack, when in all actuality they are on the same level. The increase in policing of the low-level crack offenders has caused us to neglect the big drug traffickers. As it is, we already do not have enough federal law enforcement to police all the drug dealers out there. By paying more attention to the people with small amounts of crack cocaine, we are letting others get by with more powdered cocaine. This puts more powdered cocaine on the streets, because dealers are unafraid to receive the consequences since the pay-off to conviction rate is much more in their favor. An offender would receive a mandatory minimum of 10 years if they were to get caught with 5,000 grams of powdered cocaine, while a person would receive the same sentence for being caught with only 50 grams of crack cocaine. Crack cocaine is the only drug that carries a mandatory prison sentence for a first-time possession offense. A person convicted in federal court of simple possession of 5 grams of crack is subject to a mandatory five-year prison term while a person convicted of possessing 5 grams of powder will probably receive a probation sentence. To solve this problem, we need to bridge the gap between the two sentencings. Crack cocaine is the poor man’s powdered cocaine. The popularity of crack cocaine was associated with its cheap price, which for the first time made cocaine available to a wider economic class (thesentencingproject. rg). More than often, the biggest users of crack cocaine are people of lower social status. This in turn implicates that more crack cocaine users are African Americans. As a result of this, blacks are receiving more prison time when it comes to crack cocaine. African Americans make up one-third of crack cocaine users, with the other two-thirds being white and Hispanic (The Defenders Online). About 90 percent of federal crack cocaine defendants are black (Cole 142). African American drug defendants have a 20 percent greater chance of being sentenced to prison than white drug defendants (The Sentencing Project). Why is this the case? The legal system inadvertently targets blacks by placing higher sentences on crack cocaine offenses. A considerable racial disparity in prosecutions and imprisonment has endured for too long. Along with disproportionate law enforcement procedures that aim towards blacks, the crack sentencing guidelines have resulted in more than 80 percent of crack cocaine defendants being African American, although in all actuality, a majority of crack offenders are white or Hispanic (The Sentencing Project). With the punishment of crack cocaine so severe for low level offenses, the prison incarceration rate has risen, causing us as taxpayers more money. American prisons and jails house nearly two million people and Blacks face incarceration rates more than six times that of Whites (Schlesinger). The inequality in our justice system has caused more minorities to be locked up, which in result is a financial burden on the American taxpayers. By equalizing the gap in criminal sentencing for all races, we can solve the problems from within our legal system. The racial inequality that is present in our justice system also exists in the sentencing of the death penalty. There seems to be a consistent factor in those on death row. â€Å"Those being executed and awaiting their deaths are no different from those selected for execution in the past: virtually all were poor; about half are members of racial minorities; and the overwhelming majority where sentenced to death for crimes against white victims† (Bright 433). Over time, our legal system has placed a â€Å"small† value of importance on minorities and this was built upon, to where whites did not notice this inequality. There has to be some sort of factor that influences why there are more minorities on death row. A possible influence on the situation could be the fact that most prosecutors are white. â€Å"98 percent of all state death penalty state prosecutors are white and in eighteen of the thirty-eight death penalty states, prosecutors are exclusively white† (Free 187). White prosecutors may not knowingly have a racial bias in their head, but it is evident when they are trying to seek the death penalty. State courts were 4. 3 times more likely to sentence those who killed whites than those that killed blacks (Free 185). These same courts were 1. 1 times more likely to black defendants to death than any other defendant of another race (Free 185). While the state prosecutors are pressing for the death penalty, the defendant is supplied with an insufficient lawyer. The jury is more than likely to listen to the more qualified state prosecutor and be persuaded by what he has to say, over the under qualified attorney supplied by the state. This has resulted in more successful cases in favor of the state prosecutors. This reoccurring situation is ever-so-present in today’s legal system. Minorities are getting shafted in the American justice system and nothing is being done to prevent this from continuing to happen in the future. ‘All men are created equal†¦ ‘ may be what the Declaration of Independence says, but in all reality, some men receive better treatment than others. The actual reality of the Declaration of Independence is that all free, white, landowning men are created equal. For that reason, inequality has always been present in the United States’ legal system and maintains to exist today; though, the inequality currently in the system is not as obvious as what it once was. We have made little progress towards total equality. Anywhere you look in today’s world, you can find some sort of inequality or injustice. I firmly believe we will always have a racial prejudice in the world no matter what, because there will always be the people that can’t get over their racial indifferences. Although we will not fully achieve the goal of racially equality, we can make positive steps forward by first addressing the problems associated with in our justice system. Race is the largest influencing factor in the sentencing of criminals, especially when it comes o dealing with the death penalty. Works Cited Bright, Stephen B. â€Å"Discrimination, Death, and Denial: The Tolerance of Racial Discrimination in Infliction of the Death Penalty. † Santa Clara Law Review Vol. 35 (1995. ): 433. Free Jr. , Marvin D. Racial Issues in Criminal Justice: the Case of African Americans. Westport: Criminal Justice Press, 2004. 185,187. Schlesinger, Traci. â€Å"How Determinate Sentencing Contributed to the Prison Boom: The Failure of Race Neutral Policies†Ã‚  Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Law and Society Association, Jul 06, 2006. ttp://www. allacademic. com/meta/p94999_index. html â€Å"Sentencing disparity: Crack Cocaine v Powdered Cocaine. † The Defenders Online. 27 May 2009. 16 Dec. 2009. http://www. thedefendersonline. com/2009/05/27/sentencing-disparity-crack-cocaine-v-powder-cocaine/ Sullivan, Kathleen M. and Gerald Gunther. Constitutional Law: 16th Ed. New York: Foundation Press, 2007. The Sentencing Project: Research and Advocacy for Reform. â€Å"Federal Crack Cocaine Sentencing. † 13 December 2009. http://www. sentencingproject. org/doc/publications/dp_crack_sentencing. pdf How to cite Equal Protection in Criminal Punishment, Papers

Organizational Theory and Design Organizational Structure

Question: Describe about the Organizational Theory and Design for Organizational Structure. Answer: 1. CISCO implemented a collaborative method instead of the command and control approach to the organization structure, which facilitated greater coordination among the departments and divisions within the business organization. CISCO redesigned its organizational structure by considering the opinions and the managers of the lower- ranked employees in formulating the business strategies in the organization (Argyres Zenger, 2013). As such, these ideas were involved in the decision-making process of the management. The brand adopted a more organic approach to develop coordination among the different executives and personnels working in the organization leading to sharing of ideas and technology. This has bought in more flexibility and innovation at the workplace. To develop collaboration among the employees, the CEO of the organization John Chambers develop cross functional teams among the team members (Cisco", 2016). This has assisted the employees to be more responsible for the job roles in the organization. Argyres and Zenger (2013) mentioned that the cross functional teams have to be set up practical goals in the organization relating to product development as well as the time required for the production and the distribution process in the organization . Team based targets were developed rather than targets of individual targets. Thus, the new approach developed a spirit of team bonding and unity among the employees in the organization. 2. As per the Greiner growth model, the alterations in the Ciscos business operations can be evaluated as follows. Creativity - In the case of CISCO, the CEO of the company was inspired to bring in greater innovation in the workplace. As such, this has helped the business enterprise to overcome the existing threats that has affected the business enterprise. According to Lee et al. (2015), the structural innovations in the workplace have enhanced the productivity rate and ensured smoother business operations. Leadership - CISCO had a rigid hierarchical system, where the opinions of the lower ranked employees in the organization did not had much impact on the decision process. The newly adopted organization structure has enabled the lower employees to achieve more decision-making roles. This was necessary due to the ever-decreasing market share of the brand. Direction - The management at CISCO re-innovated the organizational structure of the company by engaging the lower level employees in the organization. Executives had to work together as a team and collaborate to achieve the collective targets that were pre-determined. Daft (2015) mentioned that the management at CISCO seeks to establish a sense of innovation and flexibility by encouraging different departments to attain the common goals and objectives of the business enterprise. The market value of the brand decreased by $ 400 after the dot.com crisis. There were substantial crisis of autonomy of the employees working in the organization. As such, employees were not encouraged to work beyond their designated roles, which restricted their professional growth. In order to rectify the situation, the brand introduced the organic structure in the organization that shall ensure faster productivity and distribution process in the organization. Delegation The mid-level managers in the organization are being offered greater responsibilities to adjust to the changing market conditions in the global market (Yoo, 2013). They were required to work in a collaborative manner to work towards attaining the common goals and the objectives of the business entity. The delegation of authority and responsibility ensured authenticity as well as transparency in the daily business functionalities of the organization. Coordination and Monitoring CISCO encouraged greater coordination and collaboration among the individual executives belonging to various divisions and departments in the organization. (Daft, 2015) As such, this has helped the business enterprise in creating a distinctive edge among its competitors in the market Collaboration Cisco has introduced a network of cross-functional councils, boards as well as that has enabled the business entity to develop greater collaboration among the employees working in the business organizations (Le et al., 2014). As such, this has assisted the business entity to place greater emphasis on product development and executing the business functionalities as per the short term as well as the long-term goals of the business entity. 3. The new approach has enabled CISCO to overcome its shortcomings, and be one of the leading manufacturers in the networking segment. The brands growth has stagnated in the recent times, which has affected the business sustainability of the brand. According to Daft (2015), the recent changes in the organization structure have assisted the business entity in reducing the operational expenses and exploring newer business segments in the global market. The new strategy of CISCO in facilitating newer teams and departments to work together to achieve common goals and objectives has been proved effective for CISCO in achieving the economies of scale (Yoo, 2013). The new organic approach has strengthened the inherent financial as well as the operational constituents, thereby, leading the growth to further growth and sustainability in the international market. References Argyres, N., Zenger, T. R. (2013). 12. Dynamics of organizational structure.Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory, 210. Cisco. (2016). Cisco. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.cisco.com/ Daft, R. L. (2015). Organization theory and design. Cengage Learning. Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 73-99. Lee, J. Y., Sridhar, S., Henderson, C. M., Palmatier, R. W. (2014). Effect of customer-centric structure on long-term financial performance.Marketing Science,34(2), 250-268. Yoo, Y. (2013). The tables have turned: how can the information systems field contribute to technology and innovation management research?. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(5), 227.

Effects of Same Sex Marriage to the Society

According to Studies done concerning homosexuality in 1974 by some America psychologist, homosexuality was said to be an emotional confusion rather than a way of displaying sexual terms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Same Sex Marriage to the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One person gets psychologically, physically and emotionally aroused by another person and this did not last for long, since it was suitable for same sex partners sharing the remaining part of their lives mutually for a short period. Therefore, the paper will seek to elaborate on the effects of same sex marriage to the society. The number of children being raised in the available families has reduced leading to a declining population and society is consequently affected, as it needs constant population growth to operate normally. Homosexuality speeds us on the way towards more frequent out-of-wedlock birth (Sprigg and Daile y, 4). The lesbians are likely to raise a fatherless family than male couples as they can get children from donated sperms. These would make children experience the negative effects of being fatherless like early pregnancy in females and youth incarceration. The male couples raise adopted children without a mother to care for them. They are poorly raised, and uncovered to possible sex groups to mockery from others. Every taxpayer is forced to support financially homosexuality. Every employer and employee is required to present spousal benefits to homosexual couples through the tax they pay. The spousal fee will be slightly higher as homosexuals need constant health check expenses. These couples spend a lot in health care and they are more exposed to sexually transmitted diseases due to their high number of sexual partners. There are believes that any person disapproving homosexual relationship will risk being sued, or fired from work and this sacrifices their freedom of speech. The education administrators are teaching kids about homosexuality, and encourage them in both kinds of marriages.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Schools are teaching about homosexual as they do for heterosexual. At homes, it is hard for heterosexual parents to mould their children against it. That is why their freedom in religion will be violated. Churches or non-profit making organization and religious psychologists, marriage counselors and social workers may be denied their exemption from taxing or licensing respectively in case they discriminate against homosexual. Homosexual is disappointing people to marry legally and it is cheering sex between multiple partners, thus ruining the faithfulness in marriage. The number of the same sex partners that have legally declared married its very low. For the homosexual males, sex with multiple partners is tolerated and expected. With stu dy, showing there is an average of eight sexual partners per year of a homosexual man with steady partner (Sprigg, 3). This would even threaten the heterosexual relationships leading to a decline in fidelity and cause sky rocketing family dissolutions. In conclusion, the paper has discussed the effects of same sex marriage in the society. Same sex has made people demand for polygamy rights, whereby people feel that if their choice of spouse cannot be limit based on sex of ones partner, then they see it being unfair on how their spouses should be limited on number. Therefore, if anyone terms homosexuality as anything else than marriage, it would be right. Throughout history, marriage is meant to be a legal contract between man and woman in which there is emotions, sexual fidelity and child rearing. Nevertheless, homosexuality has changed this. It has redefined all the moral and social rules attached to it. Works Cited Sprigg, Peter. Outrage: how gay activists and liberal judges are t rashing democracy to redefine marriage. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2004. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Same Sex Marriage to the Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sprigg, Peter and Dailey, Timothy. Getting It Straight: What the Research Shows about Homosexuality. Washington, D.C.: Family Research Council, 2004. Print. This essay on Effects of Same Sex Marriage to the Society was written and submitted by user Raymond Miller to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Crossing The Bar

sunset and evening star to create an image of that which is somewhat Godly, or above any worldly experience (Buckley 253). It is not only evident that he relates the sunset with the passing to night from day similar to death from life, but also Tennyson often â€Å"connects the West with images of the sea, of growth, and, paradoxically, of death† as stated by Clyde de L. Ryals in Theme and Symbol in Tennyson‘s Poems to 1850 (Ryals 129).... Free Essays on Crossing The Bar Free Essays on Crossing The Bar How can one accept the fact of death? Most People are accepting to the fact that death is inevitable, but it is when one is challenged or personally involved in a deathly situation when it becomes difficult to accept the ramifications of death. People cope with death in many different ways, for example, some people may be fearful or deny the certainty of dying and others may be curious about their passing to another world. Tennyson wrote about death and what it meant to him so that we may understand his views about passing over to another divine world. Different authors have different ways in exhibiting their feelings, and poetry is one method to express the authors feelings or emotions in an unusual way so that it may symbolize what he or she is thinking. Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote â€Å"Crossing The Bar† with distinctive metaphors, specific mechanics, and significant imagery, to convey his accepting attitude towards death. The exceptional metaphorical methods that Tennyson utilized in â€Å"Crossing The Bar† plays a major role in the way this poem is interpreted. In the first stanza Tennyson suggests that when death is called upon him, which he knows is not far away because of his age of eighty one years old, he will have no regrets about crossing over to the divine world (Huckel 150). This is confirmed in his poem when he says, â€Å"Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me. And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea,†(Sparknotes 1). The first line uses the words sunset and evening star to create an image of that which is somewhat Godly, or above any worldly experience (Buckley 253). It is not only evident that he relates the sunset with the passing to night from day similar to death from life, but also Tennyson often â€Å"connects the West with images of the sea, of growth, and, paradoxically, of death† as stated by Clyde de L. Ryals in Theme a nd Symbol in Tennyson‘s Poems to 1850 (Ryals 129)....

Health Promotion throughout the lifespan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Promotion throughout the lifespan - Essay Example According to Erikson (1956), a contributing factor to my future mental health is my state of being now as a young adult, and the outcome of my intimacy vs. isolation crisis (Bee, Boyd, & Johnson, 2006). My resolution of this crisis will enable me to work through my changing social roles in the Middle Adulthood lifestage, and my social support network will help me to adapt to slight cognitive, personality, and physical changes also occurring during this period. This paper aims to identify lifespan factors that would contribute to depression and social isolation during Middle Adulthood. First I will describe cognitive and physical factors that contribute to depression during Middle Adulthood. Secondly, I will present social and personality factors that can influence experiences of depression during the ages of 40 - 60 years. Next. I will then provide details of two health promotion strategies that are applicable to depression during this developmental period. Finally, my conclusion wil l synthesise the main points of this document and make recommendations for future research. The biopsychosocial model of Engles (1977) incorporates biological, psychological and socio-environmental factors into a theory of well-being, viewing each of these factors as inter-related and inter-dependant in their influences of health or dysfunction (Bee, Boyd, & Johnson, 2006). In regards to the development across the lifespan, the biopsychosocial model provides a comprehensive account of how the physical body, cognition and personality, and social aspects of a person's life are affected by growth and change. According to Lehman (1953), those in their 40s - 60s have passed their cognitive "peak", and are likely to find that their most productive work occurred before this time (Bee, Boyd, & Johnson, 2006). However, the 1991 research of Simonton provides hope for the older generation, in that he contested Lehman's earlier findings, attesting that periods of creativity can occur at anytime during the lifespan. Although fluid intelligence such as the ability to reason abstractly may begin to decline during this period, research shows that crystallised intelligence, the ability to acquire new information and verbal skills continues to increase. Activity theory emphasises the importance for older persons to maintain an active lifestyle, both mentally and physically, to encourage health and well-being. Activity also provides opportunities to socialise with others, whether through a reading group, a game of cards or tennis, or a walking group. It is important for the middle-aged to remain creative and productive as research has indicated that maintaining mental activity may lower my risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Bee, Boyd, & Johnson, 2006). The disease occurs because of soft tissue changes in the brain, which changes cognitive patterns. The disease has been linked to depression, as AD is often progressive the individual experiencing it slowly loses their autonomy, and many times, their basic social skills of functional inter-communication. Additionally, other primary aging factors such as sleeping difficulties, fatigue, loss

A day out in London (Spanish gcse) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

A day out in London (Spanish gcse) - Coursework Example It was fun to watch the entire London from above. The experience was not only interesting but it was bit scary as well. It takes about 30 minutes to finish its one complete round. We had to wait for 30 more minutes to wait for our turn. As it was Sunday, therefore the waiting queues were longer than the usual days. It was an exciting experience. The weather was mild and cloudy. I would say that, the day it was more fun to watch London from the above surrounded by clouds and misty fog. On our way back, we had fish and chips from a nearby cafà © with cappuccinos. There were other varieties of different snacks as well but we preferred fish and chips because we thought this food is perfect to complement the cloudy weather. I spent the rest of my day watching movie in my room. I believe it was the best day filled with so much joy and fun with my friend Marry. The only thing I don’t like about London is the cold weather. In the end, I would say that I will definitely plan a day out with my best friend again in next year. It’s always fun to be with your friends while exploring different things in a big city like London. There are so many places on my list to visit in the next year. I am planning to visit art galleries, national museum and other historical

Yahoo Inc. Strategic Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yahoo Inc. Strategic Analysis - Case Study Example Yahoo’s main competitor is Google that is constantly bringing, in new digital products, to stay on top of the market. The major targets that the company concentrates on are the Users, the advertisers and publishers. By offering their services to these groups of people, they generate income that will enable them continue running the company. Over the years, the company has been implementing various strategies that would enable it improve the services offered and the amount of revenue collected. Such moves included hiring competent employees, introducing more services and setting up a webpage that is enticing and will enable them get a number of clicks. In the face of rising competition in the market environment, the company has strived to improve in its revenues and competitive position in the market. This study, therefore, looks into the various strategic aspects that the company has put, in place, to compete favorable in the market. With other big players like Google in the m arket, the strategies put in place by the company would ensure fairness in the market competition. The Yahoo Inc strategies Internal analysis The Yahoo Inc Company has largely placed its focus on products and people since this form the basis of their operations. The company’s major goal was to bring quality products into the market. In a bid to improve its existence, the yahoo company produced new products such as the new and improved version of the Yahoo mail. Different from the initial versions, this new version could be accessed on other mobile devices such as iPhone, windows 8, iPod and Android OS. The introduction of this new version greatly changed the market competition since many people could access yahoo services from their devices. At the same time, the new Yahoo mail version was blended with flicker, a photo sharing application that enable users to capture and share their photos easily across the social media networks such s facebook, twitter or Tumblr among other through email. At the same time, in a bid to improve the internal structure of the company, talented persons were hired and placed into administrative posts. Relatively, the company acquired mobile phone application developers who would enable them to invent applications that would bring their services closer and closer to the customers. Through this team, the company established a professional team of engineers, designers and managers who would ensure the company attains its set target. In order to ensure the company maintains exemplary performance, a hiring system was put in place that was rigorous and intensive. Employee performance was also evaluated quarterly, with a provision of perfect working environment for all of the workers. Within the management system, the company developed a policy that would enable it monitor the performance of its products and services across the web. Such system was also designed to address the internal issues that the company faced. The incorporati on of these internal factors was meant to place the company in a competitive position that would ensure better products and services offered to the customers. This system also ensured accountability on the side of every employee as well as the other people working in the company. External analysis In terms of external factors, the company has set up various strategies to enable it interact well moreover, competitively in the business environment. This implies that they had to launch new products that would attract many people towards using their services. Thus, in order to provide a lasting advertising solution, the company decided to launch a yahoo genome. This advertising platform was meant to ease

Ethical hacking

Ethical hacking Chapter 1 Introduction Ethical hacking is an emerging tools used by most of the organizations for testing network security. The security risks and vulnerabilities in a network can be recognized with the help of ethical hacking. This research completely concentrates on ethical hacking, problems that may occur while hacking process is in progress and various ethical hacking tools available for organizations. Information is the important source for any organizations while executing business operations. Organizations and government agencies have to adopt ethical hacking tools in order secure important documents and sensitive information (Harold F. Tipton and Micki Krause, 2004). Ethical hacker professionals have to be hired in order to test the networks effectively. Ethical hackers perform security measure on behalf of the organization owners. In order to bring out the ethical hacking efforts perfectly a proper plan must be executed. Ethical hacking has the ability to suggest proper security tools that can avo id attacks on the networks. Hacking tools can be used for email systems, data bases and voice over internet protocol applications in order to make communications securely. Ethical hacking can also be known as penetration testing which can be used for networks, applications and operating systems (Jeff Forristal and Julie Traxler, 2001). Using hacking tools is a best method for identifying the attacks before it effect the entire organization. Ethical hackers are nothing but authorized users for the sensitive information or networks of an organization. Using hacking techniques for handling employees in organization and for solving critical judicial cases is not a crime. An ethical hacker use same tools and actions as performed by normal hacker. The main aspect in ethical hacking is that target permission is essential for performing hacking on the information. Ethical hacking can be used while performing security audits in the organization (Kevin Beaver, 2010). Thus, ethical hacking can help in testing the networks by finding out various vulnerabilities. In ethical hacking, a user will get permission to access the important data. Aims and Objectives Aim To investigate the importance of ethical hacking and its implementation in organizations Objectives Finding the importance of ethical hacking tools Understanding the ethical hacking process Implementing ethical hacking tools in an organization Purpose of Study The main of this research is to recognize ethical hacking tools that can be used in organizations and government agencies. Testing the networks is essential in order to maintain security for the organizational information. The difficulties in networks have to be recognized by the security professional so that they can be solved before effecting the organization operations (James S. Tiller, 2005). This research also focuses on carrying out the ethical hacking tools in a particular organization. The advantages of using ethical hacking in business firms can be evaluated by this study. Ethical hacking tools can be implemented in various fields of applications. Various security professionals can be efficient in ethical hacking tools by undergoing a training process. Another major intension of this research is to identify the importance of ethical hacking professionals in providing security to the networks. (Nina Godbole, 2008). Thus, this research entirely focuses on ethical hacking tools which can be implemented for testing the networks. Research Context This research on ethical hacking can be very useful to many organizations as it can provide clear idea about hacking tools. Security professionals and normal users have to be trained well in order to use hacking tools. The importance of ethical hacking while solving many judicial cases can be identified with the help of this research. Management of an organization can be benefited largely through implementing hacking tools. Hacking tools implementation process can be understood with the help of this research (Ronald L. Krutz and Russell Dean Vines, 2007). Network security or data security engineers in organization will come to know about new ethical hacking methods and techniques that are available in the present market by concentrating on this research. The concepts in this study provide knowledge related to security improvements. Business users can hack the data in order to use it for the purpose of evaluating a correct process. Management has to take precautionary measures while a llowing the professional to hack ethically because data may be misused (Rajat Khare, 2006). Scholars who concerned with information security can take the help of this study for attaining the knowledge on hacking systems. Many organizations are encouraging ethical hacking professionals in order to control their business operations effectively. Email systems, data bases and communication applications can avoid or identify attacks by adopting the hacking tools. Malicious attacks on the information or software can be prevented by implementing this research while using ethical hacking tools. The organizations that concerned with security in networks have to use ethical hacking tools (Greg Meyer and Steven Casco, 2002). Hence from the above discussion it can be understood that, business firms, investigating agencies, government systems and web users can make use of this research to achieve the important information in authorized manner. Chapter 2:Literature Review Ethical Hacking and its importance The word hacking is defined as an illegal use of the others computer system or the network resources. Hacker is the term which is formerly meant for the skillful programmer. This is mostly found in the countries like United States and many other countries. The word hacker refers to the names of the persons who enjoys the work in learning the details of the computer systems and stretch the capabilities from the system (Rajat Khare, 2006). The system of hacking describes the fast improvement in the new programs that make the codes for the providing a better security to the system with more efficiency. The word cracker also belongs to the same field it make use of the hacking skills for the unlawful purposes like email id, intruding into others system. Hacking is of different types such as back door hacking, viruses and worms, Trojan horses, Denial of Services, anarchists, crackers, kiddies and ethical hacking (Kevin Beaver, 2010). In the types of hacking system one of the most common h acking is ethical hacking. This is defined as the services that provides the securities for the customers networks, information assets and identifies the vulnerabilities to maintain the reputation of the corporate sectors before it exploit the company. This type of the hacking system provides the high securities to the customers methodologies and techniques to yield high qualities of infrastructures. The ethical hacking system includes some of the service like: Application Testing War Dialing Network Testing Wireless Security System Hardening Application Testing This is an uncover design or the logic flaws which result in the compromising with the unauthorized accessing of the systems, networks, applications or the information regarding the systems. This application testing is used for investigating and identifying the extent and the criticality of the problems exposure to the thick client (Java) and thin client (web browsers) applications. This application testing includes the services like client-side application testing and web application testings (Joel Scambray, Mike Shema and Caleb Sima, 2006). The client-side application testing is the process of developing the software that is used for the measuring the integrated security into the client software constituents. In this system this testing application is based on the gathering of the information by observer using the reverse engineering system. War Dialing This is one of the services that are provided by ethical hacking. War dialing is a method of dialing a modem number to identify open modem connection that supplies access in a remote way to a network for targeting a particular system (Kimberly Graves, 2007). This word is originated from the day the when the internet has come into the existence in most of the companies. This follows the method of scanning to find the strength of the network connection. The tools of War dialing work on the concept that organizations do not pay attention to dial-in ports like they do towards the firewalls. Network Testing The networking testing services of the ethical hacking provides the information on the exposures of the network, services, and solutions on the convergence, protocols and system devices including the virtual private network technologies. This testing process includes a number of constitutes in external and internal devices. It also analyzes the applications of the voice over Internet protocol within the environment of the organization (Greg Meyer and Steven Casco, 2002). The main goal of the network testing application is to make obvious demonstration of the political effects on its development. By making use of this application into the organization, it provides a complete enlightenment to the work for determining the result in the organization. Wireless Security Wireless security services measures the security in the available architecture to provide a guidelines to ensure the system integrity and accessibility of the resources. The working of wireless security is based on the three phases. In the first phase of the operation it identifies the activeness of the wireless networks (Cyrus Peikari and Seth Fogie, 2003). The team of the ethical hacking demonstrates the exposure to the attackers with the space in the wireless network. In the seconds phase of this system it implements a normal users to evaluate the measures of the security that secures the infrastructures of the organization to control the accessing of the devices. During the third phase the team will try to utilize the discovered threats to gain access on other networks. This provides the security in wireless local area network, virtual private network, intrusion detection system and wireless public key infrastructure. System Hardening The system hardening stresses on the network vicinity. Security is the prime factor that determines the level of integrity of the information and resources used in the computing. Effective deployment of the security controls unauthorized, accidental disruption if resources in information technology (Kevin Beaver and Peter T. Davis, 2005). The system hardening assessment is complemented in three phases. The ethical hacking team will analyze the network to identify the loop holes in security updates and other frequent security defects. Scanning of the remote access devices is done for finding out the vulnerabilities. The configuration vulnerabilities and missing security updates are determined in the initial phase. In the second step the host operating system is examined to determine the services available for remote users and their level of impact. All the TCP/IP services and also the Telnet, FTP, Send-mail, DNS and others are tested (James S. Tiller, 2005). The packet fragmenting and loose source routing are used in an attempt to bypass filtering routers and firewalls. The last phase is complicated as the team uses the information gathered from the first two steps to mine the weaknesses and threats that were identified to gain access to the host system. Before the start of the three steps the boundaries for actions and events are determined. Hence from the above context it can be stated that ethical hacking is a methodology that is used for gathering the information on the hacker. The ethical hacker is the expert who is hired by an organization to solve the problems related to hacking in their network and computer system. Need for Ethical Hacking The process of employing someone to hack ones company is ethical hacking. Ethical hacking is one of the tools that are used to judge the security programs of the organizations. It is also referred as penetrating testing, red teaming, intrusion testing, vulnerability and even security judgments. Each one these has different meanings in different countries. Hacking is also described as new development of the existing programs, software and code. It makes them better and more efficient (James S. Tiller, 2005). Ethical hacker can know the details of computer while hacking and become the security professional. It involves in foot-printing, scanning, tacking all the secured information. Ethical means a philosophy with morality. Hackers hack systems to detect dangerous, unauthorized access and misuse (Shon Harris, Allen Harper, Chris Eagle and Jonathan Ness, 2007). Threat and vulnerability are the two dangers the hacker has to face. The hacking report must be confidential as it should face the organizations security risks. If this goes wrong in any way the organization results in fatal, penalties and loss. For example: computer crime is done by misuse of their hacking skills. The need to hack is for catching the thief. Ethical hacking is the correct method to make your computers work properly (Kevin Beaver, 2010). Ethical hacker needs higher level skills compared to penetration testing. Penetration testing is same as ethical hacking but the hacker uses the penetrating tools and tests the security danger. Ethical hacking is known as White Hat in some of the literature. It tests both the security and protective issues whereas penetrating test mainly leads with the security issues (Asoke K. Talukder and Manish Chaitanya, 2008). Some of the websites and companies offer the training, but they cannot be created they are self-made. Various types of testing need different types of softwares and tools. Game freaks use hacking technology in order to win the game. Hackers will d iscover many ways to hack like trial and error method, operating systems, online and determining the threats. Ethical hacking is done by hackers on behalf of the owners, and in normal hacking they use their skills for personal use (Debra Littlejohn Shinder and Micheal Cross, 2008). Cyber terrorism includes common hacking techniques such like viruses, email bombs and natural disasters. Thus ethical hacking is done by hackers on owners request. Mainly this is seen in corporate companies and organizations. Ethical hacking techniques are used for game cheat codes, hacking accounts and other for good result. Majorly used for fight against cyber terrorism and to take preventive action on hackers Types of ethical hackings Ethical hackers use various methods for breaking the security system in the organizations in the period of cyber attack. Various types of ethical hacks are: Remote Network: This process in especially utilized to recognize the attacks that are causing among the internet. Usually the ethical hacker always tries to identify the default and proxy information in the networks some of then are firewalls, proxy etc. Remote dial up network: Remote dial up network hack identify and try to protest from the attack that is causing among the client modern pool. For finding the open system the organizations will make use of the method called war dialing for the representative dialing. Open system is one of the examples for this type of attacks. Local Network: local network hack is the process which is used to access the illegal information by making use of someone with physical access gaining through the local network. To start on this procedure the ethical hacker should ready to access the local network directly. Stolen Equipment: By making use of the stolen equipment hack it is easy to identify the information of the thefts such as the laptops etc. the information secured by the owner of the laptop can be identified (Kimberly graves, 2007). Information like username, password and the security settings that are in the equipment are encoded by stealing the laptop. Social engineering: A social engineering attack is the process which is used to check the reliability of the organization; this can be done by making use of the telecommunication or face to face communication by collecting the data which can be used in the attacks (Bryan Foss and Merlin Stone, 2002). This method is especially utilized to know the security information that is used in the organizations. Physical Entry: This Physical entry organization is used in the organizations to control the attacks that are obtained through the physical premises (Ronald l. Krutz and russel dean Vines, 2007). By using the physical entire the ethical hacker can increase and can produce virus and other Trojans directly onto the network. Application network: the logic flaws present in the applications may result to the illegal access of the network and even in the application and the information that is provided in the applications. Network testing: In this process it mainly observes the unsafe data that is present in the internal and the external network, not only in the particular network also in the devices and including the virtual private network technologies Wireless network testing: In this process the wireless network reduces the network liability to the attacker by using the radio access to the given wireless network space. Code review: This process will observe the source code which is in the part of the verification system and will recognize the strengths and the weakness of the modules that are in the software. War dialing: it simply identifies the default information that is observed in the modem which is very dangerous to the corporate organizations. Techniques and tools required for ethical hacking Ethical hacker needs to understand how to find the network range and subnet mask of the target system. IP addresses are used to locate, scan and connect the target systems. Ethical hacker also should find out the geographical location of target system. This can be done by tracing the messages that are sent to destination and the tools used are traceroute, Visual route and NeoTrace to identify the route the target (Kimberly Graves, 2007). Ethical hacking should use right tools or else task accomplishment of task effectively is difficult. Many security assessment tools will produce false positive and negative or may they even miss susceptibility to attacks. In case of tests in case of physical security assessments they miss weakness. In order for ethical hacking specific tools have to be used for the task chosen. The easier the ethical hacking will become if many tools are used. The right tool must be used at right place. The characteristics in tools for ethical hacking is it should ha ve sufficient document, detailed reports should be there on the discovered attacks regarding their fixing and explosion, Updates and support. The general tools used for ethical hacking in case to find passwords are cracking tools such as LC4, John the Ripper and pwdump (Bragg, Mark Phodes Ousley and Keith Strassberg, 2004). The general tools like port scanner like SuperScan cannot be used to crack passwords. The Web-assessment tools such as Whisker or WebInspect tools are used for analysis of Web applications in depth. Whereas network analyzer tools such as ethereal cannot give good results. While using the tools for any particular task it is better to get feedback from the simple Google searches such as SecurityFocus.com, SearchSecurity.com and Itsecurity.com will give nice feedback from the other security experts which makes ethical hacking easy and to select the right tool. Some of the commercial, freeware and open source security tools are Nmap (Network Mapper), Etherpeek, Super Scan, QualysGuard, WebInspect and LC4, LANguard Network Security Scanner, Network Stumbler and ToneLoc. The capabilities of many security and hacking tools are often misunderstood, such as SATAN (Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks) and Nmap. The other popular tools used in ethical hacking are Internet scanner, Ethreal, Nessus, Nikto, Kismet and THC-Scan (Kevin Beaver, 2007). Cain and able is a ethical tool used for recovery of windows UNIX problems. This is only password recovery tool handles an enormous variety of tasks. It can recover the password by sniffing the network, cracking the encrypted passwords using Dictionary and Cryptanalysis, recording VoIP conversations, decoding scrambled passwords, revealing the password boxes, uncovering cached passwords and analyzing routing protocols. Ethereal is a fantastic open source tool used as network protocol for UNIX and Windows. It allows examining the data which is present in disk or file and can capture the data. This is also known as Wire shark. It has many powerful features which have very rich display filter language and ability to view the TCP session. Another cracking tool Aircrack is the fastest available cracking tool (John Hyuk Park, Hsiao-Hwa Chen and Mohammed Atiquzzaman, 2009). Thus proper tools and techniques has to be used for better hacking and it will be easier by using more and more tools required. Hacking operating system Linux is the operating system which is most useful software that supports and will be helpful to identify the passwords and uses in detecting interruption there are many software tools are utilized for the hacking and security tools are used for the Linux. The tools which are using in this are not harmful tools this is especially used to protect. John the ripper: John the ripper is nothing but password hacking software technique which is usually used to develop for the UNIX operating system. This the most significant process which is used for password testing as it joins all password crackers into single package and the auto detects password hash types which involves the customizable cracker (Ryan, David R. Mirza Ahmad, 2002). It can be run among the different encrypted password methods which involves various crypt password hash forms where usually found on the different UNIX operating systems that is based on the DES, MD5 etc, Kerberos AFS and windows like XP, 200etc.Generally passwords are placed in the LDAP and other tools. Various types of components are used to expand the capability and for involving the MD4 related password hashes. The other one is the NMAP; Nmap is the used to protect the network. It is especially used to identify the network related services on the computer network by generating the map of the network . Nmap is having the ability to identify the services on the computer network instead of this it never advertises its service detection protocol (James turnbull, 2005). However the Nmap can collect many details regarding the remote computers. This will involve the operating system, and uptimes etc are the software products that are used to execute the service, and are used to involve on the local area networks and also on the dealer of the remote network card. Nmap can be run on the linux. Linux is the most important operating system and the windows are the second most important operating system. The other operating system used is Nessus, this software is used to scan the virus. The main aim of this software is used to identify the virus on the tested system such as; the virus will permit the data on to the network (Mark Carey, Russ Rogers, Paul Criscuolo and mike Petruzzi, 2008). Default passwords are utilized on the network accounts. This software is also called as the external to ol which is used to launch the attack. By making use of the mangled packets rejection of the service among the TCP/IP can be done. Nessus the best software used to scan the virus. Many organizations through out the world are using this software. The check Rootkit is the normal program which helps the administrator to check their system for the known rootkits ( James Turnbull, 2005). This program is the shell script by using the LINUX tools similar to the strings and the grep commands to seek out to carry out the core programs for the signatures with the executed process status command to look for inconsistency. This program alternatively use own commands to run. This tool will permit check rootkit to get confident the commands upon which it depend a bit more. Applications and resources Ethical hacking is nothing but the one which performs the hacks as security tests for their systems. Ethical hacking can be used in many applications in case of web applications which are often beaten down. This generally includes Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) applications are most frequently attacked because most of the firewalls and other security are things has complete access to these programs from the Internet. Malicious software includes viruses and Trojan horses which take down the system. Spam is a junk e-mail which causes violent and needless disturbance on system and storage space and carry the virus, so ethical hacking helps to reveal such attacks against in computer systems and provides the security of the system. The main application of this is to provide the security on wireless infrastructure which is the main purpose of present business organization (BT, 2008). Ethical hacking has become main stream in organizations which are wishing to test their intellectual and technical courage against the underworld. Ethical hacking plays important role in providing security. Resources are the computer related services that performs the tasks on behalf of user. In Ethical hacking the resources are the core services, objects code etc (James Tiller S, 2005). The ethical hacking has advantages of gaining access to an organizations network and information systems. This provides the security in the area of Information technology called as Infosec. This provides security to the high level attacks such as viruses and traffic trough a firewall. This has been providing the security for various applications which are even bypassing the firewalls, Intrusion-detection systems and antivirus software. This includes hacking specific applications including coverage of e-mails systems, instant messaging and VOIP (voice over IP). The resources i.e. devices, systems, and applications that are generally used while performing the ha cking process are Routers, Firewalls, Network infrastructure as a whole, wireless access points and bridges, web application and database servers, E-mail and file servers, workstations, laptops and tablet PCs, Mobile devices, client and server operating systems, client and server applications (Kevin Beaver, 2007). Ethical hacking tests both the safety and the security issues of the programs (Ashoke Talukder K and Manish Chaitanya, 2008). Hence from the above context it can be stated as the ethical hacking is important in the present scenario as providing security is very important now a day. This is very important in web applications as the hacking can be easily done in this case. Problems Ethical hacking is the backbone of network security. The basic problems with this is trustworthiness of the Ethical hacker because lets take an example if a person has been appointed to do Ethical hacking, to provide security for the bank financial issues if the person is not trust to believe this is not safe as the person only considered as thief. Sometimes the big organizations face any problem like there passwords has been hack, this case hiring professionals is very expensive and the organization need to spend a lot on this (Ethical Hacking, 2009). Ethical hacking is just the security to the problem it is not the ultimate solution to it. Ethical hacking report must be kept confidential because they highlight the organizations security risks and attacks. If this document has been falls into the wrong hand the result would be very disastrous for the organization, the main drawback here is the entire information of the organization will be in hands of wrong person and which leads to the loss of the company (Kimberly Graves, 2007). Ethical hacking generally involves breaking down the computer applications and by collecting specific information from the target the ethical hacker can successful to access the information and can reveal it. This results in that highly sensitive information about the targets security capabilities is collected and maintained far away from the owners control. If this information fall into wrong hands results in real attack on the company and another problem is if the information is leaked to the public or stockholders, the business will be in risk, which results in all types of disasters, including negative character by media, loss of customers and legal consequences (James Tiller S, 2005). Ethical hacking use tools while it performing the activity, if the methods and tools are used incorrectly they cause damage (Dr. Bruce Hartly V, 2003). Hence from the above context it can be stated as Ethical hacking provides security but behind th at it provides the disadvantages like the Ethical hacker should be trusted by the organization or business and in case sometimes highly professionals may cost the organization very much so that company has to provide from the unplanned budget and if it goes into the wrong persons hand the business will be in danger and loss of the organization will takes place. Chapter 3: Research Methodology of Hacking Data types: Data type is defined as the format of a data storage which is used to store different set of values. It tells about which type of data to be stored and where to be stored. Data is stored in computer memory. There are two types of data. They are primary data and secondary data. Both primary and secondary data illustrates the gathering of information and to satisfy the goals of business. Primary data is nothing but it is the data which is collected newly and for the first time. The primary data is original. It is the fresh data and is never gathered before. Secondary data is the data which is collected by others (Norman Blaikie, 2009). The data is collected from newspapers, magazines and journals. Secondary data is gathered before primary data since it is time consuming. Data is gathered newly in case of primary data so it takes much time. Secondary data consumes less time. Primary data is used in ethical hacking since the data gathered in this type of data is very efficient. Ethical h acking is used legally for the official purposes. Since primary data is unique and is not compared with any one, it is used in the process of ethical hacking (Rajat Khare, 2006) Hence from the above context it can be said that data types are useful in the ethical hacking. Case study: According to media and people the word hacking denotes misuse and collapse of computers. They describe it as unfair method of solving the problem. In the view of ethical hackers the word hacking refers to creative. One of the organization namely Amazon, it is not proposed to point out the lesser features but deals with tricks for working the company efficiently. Hackers and developers will create new characteristics for Amazon. They bring out the creative thinking and innovative ideas by their work in company (Paul Bausch, 2003). Mainly the ethical hacking is the good way to improve the existing methods and qualities. Many organizations follow these because one can know the administrative password of employees, can reach the behaviour of them and working performance. Employee performance and his project carryout can be studied through ethical hacking. These hackings look easy for them since they are engaged with the security firms to protect the Amazon fields. Not only in Amazon in e ach and every organization is this steps fol

Salem Essay -- essays research papers

ESSAY : SALEM In 1692 in Salem Massachusetts a horrible chain of events occurred. A massive witch hunt began and a tidal wave of fear and suspicion swept over the tight knit Puritan town of Salem. A small group of girls began accusing the townspeople of witchcraft and the majority of the town believed these claims and full trials were held. If the accused victims did not confess to committing witchcraft it was more than likely that they would be put to death, hung in front of the town. Arthur Miller portrays this event in his novel The Crucible. The theme of Authority and Power is vital in The Crucible because of the abuses of power, the need for control and the absolute belief in authority figures lead to the witch hunt. Throughout the witch hunt the abuses of power are prevalent. The abuse was broad spectrum and everyone from the accusing girls to the judge are involved. Abigail Williams is the leader of the girls. She begins this charade in order to save herself and the other girl s from the punishment that they would have been handed down for them dancing in the woods. Abigail being a conniving girl sees the opportunity to save herself and seek revenge on people from the town who she feels "hate her and are trying to blacken her name in the community"(p.24 ). Abigail forces the other girls to go along with her plan by threatening them and forcing them to follow her "†¦either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you †¦"(p.20). Together the girls begin to destroy what was once a close community. Abigail is not alone in the abuses of power. The judge, Danforth has fallen under the girls spell and believes in them completely. Since he believes that the girls are right and decides that there is no way and accused person could actually be innocent. Due to this and judge Danforths ego he send s many people to their deaths still claiming innocence. Not only does Danforth refuse to hear opposition to the existence of witchcraft he creates the front that anyone who doubts that witchcraft is in Salem is trying to undermine the court (p. ). However it is apparent that he just does not want his authority to be questioned or his reputation tarnished. Danforth and Abigail are able to accomplish this becaus... .... Their beliefs that the girls are right has forced them to fear that they might be accused next. Abigail even dares say this to Danforth "Let you beware, Mr. Danforth. Think you be so mighty that the power of Hell may not turn your wits? Beware of it"! (p.108) Danforth does not pay attention to this but other members of the community do. They are afraid to do or say anything against Abigail or the girls even though the town believes that the girls are telling the truth. The witch hunt that occurred in The Crucible can be attributed to the theme of Authority and Power and since the community believed in those in a position of power, the abuses that these people did and their need for control increased the severity of the events. Had the town not placed such power in the hands of these girls and in the hands of strangers such as Rev. Hale and judge Danforth many lives would have been saved. The beliefs of the town gave those in a position of power a want for control and they began to stop at nothing to achieve that. The massacre of innocent people in Salem is a tragic event in history which is portrayed quite accurately in Arthur Millers The Crucible. Word Count: 1223

To Whom So Ever It May Concern

About six months ago, I devoted a considerable amount of my time searching the Internet for an appropriate graduate school where I could utilize and advance my knowledge as well as achieve my primary goal to work in the areas of graphic and web designing.I narrowed my choices to four graduate schools, namely, Dakota State University, Montana Tech, University of Missouri Kansas City, and University of California, San Diego Extension or UCSD. After further research my final choice was the Digital Arts Center at the UCSD. I was convinced and impressed after talking to friends, alumni and after reviewing available material about the Digital Arts Center that I had made the right choice.I will definitely recommend this School to anyone aspiring to make a career in the Digital Arts. Information Technology enables improved decision-making and information sharing, provides access to resources previously unavailable to business, facilitates learner-centered instructional organizations, makes p ossible new kinds of learning for students, and creates new professional development.In my opinion the happiest person is that person who works in a job that interests him or her. I like to learn new skills and acquiring up to date information, because they can help me to adapt to a fast-changing world, enrich my experiences, explore my interest, and give me higher self-esteem.I believe in the maxim that education is a constant pursuit, and that educated persons devotes their entire life to the quest for knowledge. At present I am working as an aircraft charter Coordinator and dispatcher for a private Jet firm. For the past few years I have been preparing marketing material for my company using Adobe Photoshop and this has brought to the surface my latent talent and desire to work in this fascinating field.My competence in this field has won me numerous accolades from my employers. I am very good at computers and have an innate talent for grasping the nuances of computer hardware an d software. My intention is to change my career to graphic and web designing.A visit to your fascinating web site reveals that the courses of particular interest to me, on offer are, first, digital design and communication, which involves the working with illustrations, photography, publications, etc. This course will help me to develop comprehensive presentation skills. Second, web design and production, this course enables one to create professional level projects.Third, multimedia production, this course makes one an expert in special effects, etc.(digital arts center, n.d). The well-qualified and experienced faculty, excellent laboratory facilities, exceptional research work and the inspiration given to students would provide me with an ideal platform for achieving my goals.I look upon the courses offered by you as avenues to achieve my objective. I assure you that I would keep up my diligence and good demeanor during the course. I hope you find my purpose definitive and that I satisfy your requirements in respect of a promising student. I am eagerly looking forward to prove my capability in your esteemed institution.References.Digital arts center. UCSD Extension. n.d. Retrieved from http://dac.ucsd.edu/index2.htm

buy custom Assignment Four essay

buy custom Assignment Four essay Question 1 Reasons for the United States Interest in California, and the Ways they expressed that Interest Prior to 1846 T he United States (US) had an interest in California because it provided the US with an opportunity to have access to harbors that were on the Pacific Ocean. Gold discovered in California also attracted the United States. By connecting California with the railroad, the United States would become a continental empire since Pacific Ocean would connect to the Atlantic Ocean. The US expressed the interest by attacking neighbors like Mexico (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 2 The Manner in Which the Californians Were Treated during the Gold Rush When miners from around the world arrived in California, the Californios became a minority and were regarded as foreigners. Moreover, competition for gold resulted in dislike towards the Californios. As foreigners, the Californios were charged a monthly tax of $20 whenever they wanted to mine. Finally, the forty miners took land that belonged to the Californios (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 3 The Vigilance Committees and the People they represent The vigilace committees had a membership of about seven hundred people that was operated parallel to the city government. The Committees represented miners interests; the committee had the headquarters where incarceration and interrogation of suspects took place. The committee undertook to investigate vessels and disgraceful boarding houses, deporting immigrants and, punishing thieves and pickpockets (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 4 Ways in Which the Railroad Influence California Economics Railroad promoted Californias tourism from as early as 1870. The railroad created a new market for hauling and rider business especially in the areas where it operated. In addition, oil boom took place, this was enhanced by the fact that Railroad companies during the time realized that transporting wooden barrels containing oil through boxcars was very costly. This informed their decision to cylindrical metal tanks that could take the liquids to all the places. The oil tankers remained revenue sources for along time. Finally, several California crops were transported through the railroad. Such crops included citrus, oranges, apple and pears (Sucheng, Spencer, Olin Thomas, 1996). Question 5 One essay selected in Chan Olin's Major Problems in California History Question A The essay read The Place of California Question B Reasons for Picking this Particular Essay From the book, it is noticed that the Mexicans and American Indians were subjected to embarrassment, confusion and complex situations. Question C The Author's Thesis The essay begins with a well articulated skepticism that consistently portrays enthusiasm, which laid the foundation of studying other cities like the Los Angeles its rhapsodies and architecture (Richard et al., 2001). Question D The Nature of the Article The article was well written; in the essay, the writer foresees the growth of infrastructure and industry in California before, and after the World Wars. In fact he predicted that the most fantastic city would at some point, to be found in the region (Richard et al., 2001). Question E Personal Position about the Author's Ideas I agree with the authors ideas because from his predictions, it became true that the region produced some of the best towns in the world today. Buy custom Assignment Four essay

compare mercantilism with an embedded institution essays

compare mercantilism with an embedded institution essays In this essay I will try to answer the proposed essay question: Compare and contrast ancient/medieval and mercantilist economic ideas on the market as an embedded institution. I will begin by discussing ancient/medieval economic ideas and talk a little bit about Thomas Aquinas. The entire premise begins where there is a large piece of land and the owner of the land, lord of the manor (landlord) who is usually a military person, has peasants working on his land to cultivate it in return for their labour they remain on his land. The manor takes a portion of whatever is produced on his land. In this situation people will travel to towns to exchange their goods for goods that they need. This constitutes an exchange which satisfies peoples wants and not for making money. The next progression in the ancient medieval society is the guild (which are similar to unions) they produce one product and they have a monopoly with respect to that product. In order to manufacture the product you have to be a member of that particular guild which in turn wipes out all competition. Therefore this is not a market economy due to the fact that they have zero competition and there is a set price and buyer. We begin to see a change when the merchants are introduced into th e equation. Merchants specialize in making money. They buy from a landlord at a set price and then sell it to a consumer for a higher price. Aquinas tends to favour the peasant - manor relationship, he feels that it is a more stable society and he feels that merchants should not take a profit when reselling to the consumer. Though he will justify a profit if it is for a reasonable purpose, i.e.: transportation costs or for charity. Aquinas wrote on the idea of a just price. I found this article and thought it was a few of the points the writer makes are interesting: "The just price of things is not fixed with mathematical precision," writes Aquinas in the su...

Amy chua Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amy chua - Essay Example This paper seeks to highlight on the theme of the book, which declares that for one to raise successful children, one has to become a Chinese mother. The book’s author uses the terms Western parents and Asian/Chinese parents loosely as claimed in the text to indicate that it is not a direct reference to individuals of his background. This is reiterated when she likens such parenting styles to other individuals from various regions of the world like Ghana and India. Despite this, the focuses on the terms western and Asian parents is because it is in the context of her experience, which she is relaying in her book. The main distinction that the author makes between these two methods of parenting is the level or degree of strictness that is exerted by parents on their children. According to the author, there is no limit to the extremes that she was willing to go to ensure that her children achieved what she thought was required of her children. Chinese mothers are used as the blu e print for this parenting style but it does not mean the method of parenting is isolated in Chinese or Asian only mothers or parenting style. The parenting style is founded on strong Confucianism principles that emphasize on self-excellence and internal strength (WLS.COM). It emphasizes on summoning these strengths in the event of failure or adversity to facilitate success in any endeavor that they embark on in their lives. The Chinese mother’s philosophy cares only about the success that comes out of their unorthodox ways of encouragement. This philosophy seems to support the adage that states ‘the end justifies the means.’ The author states that children, who are raised through an authoritarian parenting style, come to appreciate the efforts made by their parents in compelling them to excel. This is contrasted against the ‘Western’ parenting style that the author claims is keen on developing the self-esteem and creative side of their children. Unl ike Chinese mothers who emphasize on excellence in all academic fields except gym and drama, western parents are passive in this role (Jen 178). This means that western parents’ emphasis on academic excellence is somewhat subdued compared to Chinese mothers who would go to any lengths in an effort to ensure that their children accomplish and achieve academic success. Western mothers believe in letting their children choose their way through academic courses they feel that they are good at, but this is different from Chinese mothers who do the choosing for their children. Western mothers argue that letting their children make their choices about what to pursue in academics and extracurricular activities helps improve and promote their creativity (Chua 87). Chinese mothers on the hand believe in nurturing their children’s creative skills to excellence in line with their perceptions of appropriateness of these activities. Chinese mother’ portrayal in the book by th e author has elicited, by most parts, negative criticism for its disregard of morals that should govern parenting (Jen 124). The author dismisses these claims because she believes that morals are meant to guide and help focus parenting efforts to successful fruition. The disregard for morals in parenting has been blamed for increased psychological problems

Rules of Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rules of Engagement - Essay Example According to the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, ‘In military or police operations, rules of engagement (ROE) determine when, where and how force shall be used.’ The rules of engagement are designed so as to ensure that uncontrolled violence is prevented, civilian casualties are minimized and the conflict does not escalate. However, restrictive rules of engagement undermine the ability of the military or police to resolve a conflict, as, according to many critics of the war, was the case in the US invasion of Vietnam (1959). The US president at the time, Lyndon Johnson, in order to contain the conflict set down strict rules of engagement that hindered the forces from striking or utilizing force in certain areas. This was done in order to thwart the perceived threat of Soviet or Chinese intervention and to gain support at home. President Johnson wanted the conflict to be restricted to South Vietnam, although aerial bombings in North Vietnam were allowed at certain point in the war. He believed the war was a counter-insurgency battle and the rules of engagement thus were justified. The Secretary of Defense, Robert Mcnamara, authored the rules of engagement. He saw the Vietnamese invasion as a ground war and thus saw little use of the US air force. Thus, the rules of engagement he designed restricted the aerial fighting the most. Mcnamara too saw the entire conflict as a counter-insurgency battle and thus tailored the rules of engagement to be such that most military strategies and moves were to be self-defensive. It was not until the Gulf of Tonkin incident in the August of 1964 that U.S. air strikes were allowed to be more aggressive. It is no surprise that the rules of engagement set down by the civilian suits in the government were not very popular with the military strategists. General William Westmoreland was a key architect of the military strategy. In order to avoid further disaster, he forbade any unit smaller then 750 men from